Happy Whale Humpback Happenings
June 22, 2026
A few interesting matches have come out of our Mid-Atlantic Humpback Whale Catalog efforts and partnership with Happy Whale!
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First drone tag drop!
February 19, 2026
It's been a long time coming but we finally have a new drone equipped to deploy suction cup tags on whales.
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2024-2025 Large Whale Season Summary
March 24, 2025
We have two separate efforts focusing on cetaceans off the coast of Virginia. The first is our Offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) Cetacean Study, which focuses primarily on deep diving odontocetes like sperm whales. The second effort is our Nearshore and Mid-Shelf Baleen Whale Monitoring Project.
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Aerial Surveys to Confirm Seal Haul-out Sites in Virginia
January 14, 2025
Each fall/winter, some portion of the Northwest Atlantic harbor seal population that summers in New England make their way south to Virginia.
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Right whale calf sighted off Virginia!
December 20, 2024
On December 18, 2024, during a survey off Virginia Beach, researchers from HDR Inc. and NAVFAC LANT observed North Atlantic right whale #4540 with her first known calf. This sighting is notable as it's the earliest recorded instance of a newborn right whale calf in Virginia waters, suggesting a possible shift in calving locations northward from the typical areas off Florida and Georgia.
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It’s Whale Season in the Mid-Atlantic!
November 20, 2023
Baleen whale season has started in the mid-Atlantic and we have several projects in the region studying their occurrence and behavior.
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Humpbacks - New visitors and familiar friends in the Mid-Atlantic
November 20, 2023
On 16 November 2023, the weather lined up perfectly for HDR Inc. to go out in their small boat for some large whale survey work under the Mid-Atlantic Nearshore and Mid-shelf Baleen Whale Monitoring Project.
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Coming full circle – right whale mom returns with calf
March 15, 2023
Previously CATS tagged Right whale "Smoke" is sighted again in VA with a calf.
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Right Whale Party in the Mid-Atlantic
February 4, 2023
A Surface Active Group of North Atlantic right whales off the coast of Virginia.
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An Urban Whale
February 3, 2023
A juvenile North Atlantic right whale finds itself in a busy area.
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Right whales are on the move!
November 23, 2022
Two female right whales were sighted off Virginia during their southbound migration.
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Cuvier's from Cape to Canyon
September 16, 2022
Photo ID match of a Goose-beaked whale between Cape Hatteras and Virginia Beach after two years.
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NARW tagged off VA Beach!
March 2, 2022
A yearling right whale was tagged off Virginia.
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Blue whale tagged off the coast of Virginia
April 26, 2021
Details on the first blue whale tagged in the region.
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Tracking an endangered North Atlantic right whale
March 15, 2021
A yearling right whale was tagged off the coast of VA and tracked for 12 days.
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Drone footage of a blue whale off the coast of Virginia!
March 14, 2021
Blue whale footage from Virginia
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Drone footage of humpback whale bubble-net feeding off the coast of Virginia
February 18, 2021
Humpback whale "Tobin" bubblenet feeding off VA.
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Fantastic video of an encounter with North Atlantic right whales off the coast of Virginia Beach
January 27, 2021
Footage of three right whales off Virginia.
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Entangled humpback whale
January 8, 2021
Our team assisted with the disentanglement efforts of a young humpback whale.
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Fin and blue whale feeding aggregation observed in Norfolk Canyon study area
March 26, 2019
Baleen whale feeding assemblage offshore of Virginia.
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One whale tagged twice.
March 8, 2019
D-tag and limpet tag on a humpback whale.
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Sowerby's beaked whales encountered at Norfolk Canyon
January 7, 2019
Excellent drone footage of a group of rarely seen beaked whales.
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Sowerby's beaked whale tagged offshore of Virginia
September 12, 2018
A rarely seen beaked whale was tracked offshore.
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Blue whales and sei whales and right whales - OH MY!!!
April 18, 2018
A spring aggregation of endangered whales offshore.
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Repeat tagging customers to humpback monitoring project
January 30, 2018
Some interesting notes on site fidelity in Humpack whales.
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Sperm whales tagged off Virginia Beach
August 25, 2017
Several groups of sperm whales were sighted offshore of VA.
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Bonus tagging in JAX
June 15, 2016
Odontocete tagging in Florida.
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Tagging Atlantic Humpbacks
January 8, 2016
Year two of our Chesapeake Bay humpback whale project has begun!
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Great Day for a Mid-Atlantic Offshore Survey
April 20, 2015
Pelagic cetaceans and sea turtle sightings.
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Humpbacks Have Arrived!
December 30, 2014
It's winter in Virginia and that means whales!
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White “Leucistic” Bottlenose Dolphin Seen on Marine Mammal Survey
October 30, 2014
Leucism, like albinism, is a genetic condition that results in a lack of pigmentation in the skin.
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Spinnaker sighted off Virginia Beach
September 25, 2013
A well known whale makes a visit.
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Complete
Guam Shore Based Visual Surveys
Project Objectives
Shore-based marine mammal surveys
View project
Complete
Behavioral Response Research Evaluation Workshop II (BRREW II)
Project Objectives
Response
View project
Current
Passive Acoustic Monitoring for Mid-Atlantic Baleen Whales
Project Objectives
Monitor large whale occurrence in the Mid-Atlantic
View project
Complete
Mariana Islands Sea Turtle and Cetacean Survey (MISTICS)
Project Objectives
Determine what species of marine mammals and sea turtles are present and estimate abundance.
View project
Complete
Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals Using Gliders in Marianas
Project Objectives
Identify acoustically distinct species of beaked whales, odontocetes, and baleen whales that occur in the Mariana Islands; develop a better understanding of marine mammal distribution, habitat use, and abundance
View project
Complete
Pilot survey for humpback whales at Farallon de Medinilla
Project Objectives
The goal of the visual surveys is to collect individually-identifying information from humpback whales present near and around Farallon de Medinilla (FDM)
View project
Complete
Aerial Surveys of Marine Mammals Conducted in the Inland Puget Sound Waters of Washington, summer 2013 – winter 2016
Project Objectives
1) Conduct aerial surveys during four seasonal periods within the inland Puget Sound Survey Area to assess potential differences in seasonal distribution, numbers, and behavioral state patterns of marine mammals; 2) Collect data to estimate densities of marine mammals in the inland Puget Sound waters for species with sufficient sightings; 3) Estimate abundance for each marine mammal species seen an adequate number of times; 4) Document the distribution and habitat use of each species observed; 5) Document and describe behaviors seen without performing focal follows.
View project
Current
Estimation of Received Levels of MFAS and Behavioral Response of Marine Mammals at PMRF
Project Objectives
Further our understanding of the Monitoring Questions: 1) What is the occurrence and estimated received levels of MFAS on 'blackfish', humpback, minke, sperm and Blainville's beaked whales within the PMRF instrumented range? and 2) What, if any, are the short term behavioral responses of 'blackfish,' humpback, minke, sperm and Blainville's beaked whales when exposed to MFAS/explosions at different levels/conditions at PMRF?
View project
Current
Southern California Beaked Whale Occurrence (formerly "Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL)")
Project Objectives
Determine the distribution and temporal patterns of beaked whale occurrence in the waters within and outside the Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL). Use passive acoustic monitoring to determine what species are present in SOCAL and examine spatial and temporal patterns.
View project
Complete
Sound source measurements from pile driving
Project Objectives
Determine the source levels produced by impact and vibratory driving of different size and material piles during construction projects
View project
Complete
NAS Patuxent River Marine Species Surveys
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, seasonality, and abundance of Tursiops in the waters near NAS PAX River
View project
Complete
Baseline Monitoring for Marine Mammals in the East Coast Range Complexes (aerial surveys)
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, habitat associations, and density of marine mammals and sea turtles in key areas of Navy range complexes
View project
Complete
Occurrence, Distribution, and Density of Marine Mammals Near Naval Station Norfolk and Virginia Beach
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, seasonality, and abundance of Tursiops in the coastal waters of Hampton Roads military installations
View project
Complete
Mid-Atlantic Humpback Whale Monitoring
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, habitat use, and baseline behavior of humpback whales in the mid-Atlantic region
View project
Complete
Behavioral Response of Humpback Whales to Vessel Traffic
Project Objectives
Understand the behavioral response of humpback whales to approaching vessels in the shipping channels at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay.
View project
Complete
Effectiveness of Navy Lookout Teams in Detecting Cetaceans
Project Objectives
Obtain data to characterize the potential exposure of marine mammals and ESA-listed marine species to Navy training and testing activities, evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures
View project
Current
Jacksonville Shallow Water Training Range Vessel Surveys and M3R Species Verifications
Project Objectives
Monitor species composition and distribution on JSWTR, support M3R species verifications
View project
Current
Mid-Atlantic Offshore Cetacean Study
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, habitat use, and baseline behavior of cetaceans in the offshore and continental shelf break region of the VACAPES OPAREA
View project
Current
North Atlantic Right Whale Monitoring, Conservation, and Protection
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, habitat use, and behavior of North Atlantic right whales in the mid-Atlantic region
View project
Current
Mid-Atlantic Nearshore & Mid-shelf Baleen Whale Monitoring
Project Objectives
Assess occurrence, habitat use, and baseline behavior of baleen whales in the mid-Atlantic region
View project
Current
Atlantic Behavioral Response Study
Project Objectives
Assess behavioral response of beaked and pilot whales to mid-frequency tactical sonar
View project
Current
Haul-Out Counts and Photo-Identification of Pinnipeds in Virginia
Project Objectives
Document seasonal occurrence, habitat use, and haul-out patterns of seals
View project
Complete
Pinniped Tagging and Tracking in Southeast Virginia
Project Objectives
Document habitat use, movement and haul-out patterns of seals in the Hampton Roads region of Chesapeake Bay and coastal Atlantic Ocean
View project
Effects of Pile Driving on Marine Mammal Behavior in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Ampela, K., A. Balla-Holden , C. Bacon, D. Fertl, J. Latusek-Nabholz, T. McConchie, D. Spontak, and N. Stadille. ESOMM - 2014 5th International Meeting on the Effects of Sound in the Ocean on Marine Mammals .
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Date Published:
  • September 7, 2014

Marine mammal (MM) monitoring was conducted during in-water pile driving (PD) at Hood Canal, Washington, during fall 2011. Monitoring was performed on construction days, during active-construction (“AC”, defined as 30 minutes prior to, during, and 30 minutes after PD) and non-construction (“NC”, downtime) periods. Baseline surveys were also conducted throughout Hood Canal on days when no PD occurred. Monitoring and baseline surveys occurred over 53 days. Marine Mammal Observers (MMOs) recorded 1,207 sightings totaling 2,269 individual MM.

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Date Published:
  • March 1, 2020

Status report for the acoustic and visual survey for cetaceans in Behm Canal and Southern Clarence Strait, Alaska, FY22.

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  • 1,227.95 KB
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Date Published:
  • May 12, 2025

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Alaska Fisheries Science Center has maintained passive acoustic recorder moorings in areas of interest to the US Navy in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Archival data from three of these sites were analyzed for the timing and occurrence of key cetacean species. In addition, three subsurface passive acoustic moorings were deployed for a year (fall 2023 to fall 2024) in areas of mutual interest to NOAA and the Navy. Two of these new moorings, located along the western GOA slope, were redeployed in 2024.

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  • 2,832.58 KB
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PACMAPPS GOA 2021. Crance et al.
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Date Published:
  • February 28, 2022

The Pacific Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (PacMAPPS) survey occurred from 1 August to 26 August 2021, beginning and ending in Kodiak, AK. Over the course of the survey, a total of 2,330 km of on-effort tracklines were surveyed in suitable weather conditions, and a total of 687 sightings of marine mammals were documented (including duplicates and resights).

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  • 2,637.82 KB
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Date Published:
  • December 18, 2023

This survey implemented visual line transect and passive acoustic methods to assess the presence and distribution and to estimate density and abundance of cetaceans in Behm Canal and central Clarence Strait.

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  • 1,093.33 KB
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Date Published:
  • August 7, 2017

Taking into consideration the multiple intermediate scientific objectives in the U.S. Navy’s Strategic Planning Process (DoN 2013b), the goals of this study are to assist the U.S. Navy and regulatory agencies with environmental planning and compliance by addressing the following questions: • Which cetacean species occur over the outer continental shelf to the east of NSN, and how does occurrence fluctuate seasonally? • What are the baseline behaviors and ecological relationships of offshore cetaceans within the study area? • Do individual cetaceans exhibit site fidelity within specific regions of the study area over periods of weeks, months, or years? • What is the seasonal extent of cetacean movements within and around U.S. Navy VACAPES training range boxes? • Do cetaceans spend significant time within or primarily move through areas of U.S. Navy live-fire or Anti-Submarine Warfare training events?

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  • 4,742.41 KB
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Date Published:
  • May 1, 2018

Taking into consideration the multiple intermediate scientific objectives in the U.S. Navy’s Strategic Planning Process (DoN 2013b), the goals of this study are to assist the U.S. Navy and regulatory agencies with environmental planning and compliance by addressing the following questions:  Which cetacean species occur over the outer continental shelf to the east of NSN, and how does occurrence fluctuate seasonally?  What are the baseline behaviors and ecological relationships of offshore cetaceans within the study area?  Do individual cetaceans exhibit site fidelity within specific regions of the study area over periods of weeks, months, or years?  What is the seasonal extent of cetacean movements within and around U.S. Navy VACAPES training range boxes?  Do cetaceans spend significant time within or primarily

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  • 6,780.82 KB
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Date Published:
  • October 1, 2016

A combination of visual line-transect survey, photo-identification (photo-ID), and automated acoustic monitoring methods was used to gather important baseline information on the occurrence, distribution, and density of marine mammals near Naval Station Norfolk (NSN) and adjacent areas. The study area was designed to cover areas where United States Navy activity is substantial, including Chesapeake Bay waters near NSN and Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story, as well as a Mine Exercise (MINEX) Area (W-50) in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Virginia Beach, Virginia

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  • 14,259.08 KB
Ocean:Region:Species:Methods:
Models Incorporating Non-Stationarity Improve Detection of Climate-Driven Range Shifts in Odontocetes. Hirtle, Nathan, Jason J. Roberts, Jessica V. Redfern, Elliott L. Hazen, Debra Palka, William McLellan, Lance Garrison, Susan Barco, Orfhlaith O'Brien, Ester Quintana-Rizzo, Kate Lomac-MacNair, Meghan Rickard, Ann M. Zoidis, Mark Cotter, Amy D. Whitt, Oliver Boisseau, Patrick Halpin, Lesley Thorne. Diversity and Distributions. 2026. 32 (2)
Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) recovery in the inland waters of Washington: Estimates of density and abundance from aerial surveys, 2013–2015. Jefferson, Thomas A.; Smultea, Mari A.; Courbis, Sarah S.; Campbell, Gregory S. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2025. 505-515
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Date Published:
  • October 10, 2025

The harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena (L., 1758)) used to be common in Puget Sound, Washington, but virtually disappeared from these waters by the 1970s. We conducted systematic aerial line-transect surveys (17 237 km total effort) for harbor porpoises, with the goal of estimating density and abundance in the inland waters of Washington State.

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Date Published:
  • March 1, 2018

Ten bottom-mounted passive acoustic recorders have been deployed off the coast of Virginia beginning in July 2015 and was maintained for two years. A combination of high-frequency Autonomous Multichannel Acoustic Recorders (AMARs), and low-frequency Marine Autonomous Recording Units (MARUs) was deployed in two spatial configurations (Figure 1), with the AMARs in a linear array extending east from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay across the continental shelf and MARUs deployed as a synchronized localization array within the WEA.

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  • 1,171.17 KB
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Date Published:
  • March 22, 2022

The United States (US) Navy uses lookouts (LOs) to detect objects in the water in the vicinity of ships. One class of object that LOs are trained to detect is marine mammals ; this forms an important component of the Navy’s procedures for marine mammal mitigation during training activities . As well as dedications of marine mammals by these LOs, detections of marine mammals may also be made by other members of the ship’s crew such as officers on the bridge (“watchstanders”) or sonar technicians, although acoustic detections require visual confirmation. We refer to these personnel together as the “lookout team” (LT). The primary goal of this project was to determine how effective LTs are at detecting marin

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  • 4,078.84 KB
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Date Published:
  • April 1, 2009

During this project, the visual survey covered a total of 760 kilometers (410 nautical miles) on-effort while transit and fog effort legs accounted for 553 km (298 nm). There were a total of 96 sightings (453 individuals) of 11 confirmed marine mammal species; these included fin, humpback, gray, and minke whales as well as killer whales, Dall’s and harbor porpoise, Pacific white-sided dolphins and Steller sea lions, harbor seals and sea otters. Additionally, there were 36 sightings (46 individuals) of unidentified large whales, dolphins and pinnipeds. Acoustically, operations were conducted 24-hours/day surveying a total of 3,519 km (1,900 nm) and recording 49 acoustic detections of sperm whales and killer whales. Photographs of nineteen individual killer whales and four fin whales were obtained on this cruise and compared to existing catalogs.

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  • 1,894.30 KB
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Date Published:
  • April 1, 2014

During this survey, the visual team surveyed 4,504 kilometers (km) of ‘full-effort,’ which included 349 km of ‘transit-effort.’ There was an additional 375 km of ‘fog-effort’ (transect and transit). Based on total effort, there were 802 sightings (1,998 individuals) of 13 confirmed marine mammal species, with an additional 162 sightings (228 individuals) of unidentified cetaceans and pinnipeds (including those recorded on transit and during off-effort mode).

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  • 12,416.19 KB
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Distribution, abundance, and density of harbor porpoises in Hood Canal, Washington. Rone, B.K., A.N. Zerbini, E.A. Falcone, E.L. Keene, and G.S. Schorr. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2024. 88(3):e22543
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Date Published:
  • January 8, 2024

Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are the only cetaceans routinely sighted in Hood Canal, a narrow fjord that comprises the western edge of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Harbor porpoises are sensitive to anthropogenic sounds, including noise from recreational and commercial vessel traffic, and the United States Navy, which conducts military training and testing within Hood Canal that can include underwater sound sources. This study was funded as part of the Navy monitoring program to assess potential impacts of naval activities on cetaceans. We conducted vessel-based line-transect surveys for harbor porpoises in Hood Canal in 2022–2023 to derive seasonal estimates of abundance and density.

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Date Published:
  • June 1, 2020

Here we present analyses of the DASBR deployments from the CCES 2018 project. We provide information on the times and locations of drift deployments and retrievals. Each drift is also illustrated on maps of the study area. We present analyses of cetacean echolocation detections 2 from DASBR recordings including those from beaked whales, sperm whales, and NBHF species. As in the previous 2016 study, beaked whale detections were dominated by Cuvier’s beaked whale. All the beaked whale species detected in 2016 were also detected in this 2018 study, plus the addition of a signal, designated BWC that had been previously detected in the central and western Pacific, but not previously in the eastern Pacific. Sperm whales and NBHF species were detected throughout the study area.

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  • 5,022.87 KB
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Date Published:
  • June 1, 2017

From 2013 to 2016, we conducted systematic line-transect aerial surveys in 8 sub-regions of Puget Sound encompassing inland waters of Washington State. U.S.-funded surveys were conducted year-round and focused on estimating seasonal in-water density and abundance of marine mammals, particularly harbor porpoises and harbor seals

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  • 4,652.56 KB
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Date Published:
  • December 31, 2015

From 2013 to 2015, researchers conducted systematic line-transect aerial surveys for marine mammals in eight subregions of Puget Sound encompassing inland waters of Washington State. Effort consisted of five separate survey periods spanning four seasons (winter, spring, summer and fall) and was funded by the United States Navy (Navy). Surveys focused on estimating seasonal in-water density and abundance of cetaceans, particularly harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).

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  • 5,860.87 KB
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Puget Sound marine mammal aerial surveys, 2013-2015. Smultea, M., C. Bacon, D. Steckler, and M. Cotter. Marine Mammal Working Group, Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program (PSEMP) .
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Date Published:
  • January 15, 2015

Seasonal systematic aerial surveys of Puget Sound.

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  • 5,672.86 KB
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Regional and seasonal density and abundance of harbor porpoise: Recolonization of Puget Sound, aerial surveys 2013-2015. Smultea, M., T. Jefferson, D. Steckler, G. Campbell, K. Lomac-MacNair, S. Courbis, K. Ampela, A. Balla-Holden, and S. Hanser. 21st Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals .
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Date Published:
  • December 13, 2015

Although harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were historically common in Puget Sound in the 1940s, their abundance declined in successive decades, with no individuals observed in southern Puget Sound during 1994 aerial and vessel surveys. Since 2009, sightings, strandings and acoustic detections have increased, suggesting their recolonization of Puget Sound. We present the first regional and seasonal density estimates of harbor porpoise available for Puget Sound waters since the 1990s. We conducted systematic line-transect aerial surveys for marine mammals in eight sub-regions of Puget Sound in 2013-2015 during spring, summer and fall, funded by the U.S. Navy.

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  • 115.23 KB
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Date Published:
  • April 21, 2023

In this study, we conducted line transect surveys to assess the seasonal distribution and abundance of marine mammals in Hood Canal (Washington), with emphasis on harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and killer whales (Orcinus orca).

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  • 13,626.84 KB
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